Nuclear power regains momentum in South-East Europe as governments prioritize long-term energy security

Nuclear power is moving back to the center of energy planning across South-East Europe, as governments weigh long-term energy security, decarbonisation objectives and the desire for more predictable electricity pricing. Developments highlighted in April 2026 point to renewed interest in new nuclear investment, modernization efforts and strengthening fuel supply capabilities.

Nuclear’s role in a grid that needs firm power

Across the SEE region, nuclear power represents about 21% of electricity generation, reflecting its importance as a reliable baseload source. Unlike intermittent renewables, nuclear plants can provide continuous output, which helps support grid stability and reduces reliance on fossil fuels.

Romania presses ahead with domestic fuel ambitions

Romania is leading the latest push. Nuclearelectrica has launched a feasibility study aimed at doubling its production of CANDU nuclear fuel. The initiative is designed to reinforce domestic supply chains and improve energy independence, aligning with broader European efforts to secure critical energy resources and limit dependence on external suppliers.

Serbia returns nuclear to the national agenda

In Serbia, nuclear power has re-entered the national policy conversation. Authorities have announced plans to reach a decision on constructing the country’s first nuclear power plant by 2032—an inflection point that could reshape the region’s future generation mix. The move reflects an increasing view of nuclear energy as a tool for long-term supply stability while supporting decarbonisation goals.

Existing plants continue to support exports and price stability

Bulgaria and Romania continue operating nuclear facilities that contribute materially to regional electricity supply and cross-border exports. These plants also play a role in stabilizing wholesale power prices and supporting European grid integration.

Geopolitics and fuel volatility sharpen the case

The renewed focus comes against a backdrop of rising geopolitical uncertainties and volatile fossil fuel markets. As Europe seeks to reduce dependence on imported fuels, nuclear power is positioned as a low-carbon option with domestic control potential—capable of delivering consistent output over decades.

A complement to renewables—and an economic lever

Nuclear energy is also increasingly framed as complementary to renewable generation. By adding firm baseload capacity, it can help integrate intermittent solar and wind resources without undermining grid reliability.

Beyond electricity supply, investment in nuclear infrastructure can bring wider economic benefits, including job creation, technological development and industrial growth. With feasibility studies underway, modernization projects progressing and policy discussions intensifying, nuclear power appears set to play a defining role in South-East Europe’s transition toward a more resilient, low-carbon electricity system.